Donāt believe the hype ā science spin prevalent, researchers warn
More than a quarter of biomedical scientific papers may utilise practices that distort the interpretation of results or mislead readers so that results are viewed more favourably, a new ±¬ĮĻĶõ study suggests.Ā
Researchers from the Universityās multidisciplinary and reviewed 35 published academic studies of so-called āspinā in biomedical scientific papers ā also known as āscience hypeā.
Their findings, published in , found more than 26 percent of papers identified as systematic reviews or meta-analyses contained spin. This figure rose to up to 84 percent in papers reporting on nonrandomised trials.
While spin was variably defined across the 35 studies, a wide variety of strategies to spin results were identified including:
- making inappropriate claims about statistically non-significant results
- making inappropriate recommendations for clinical practice that were not supported by study results
- attributing causality when that was not possible
- selective reporting, such as emphasising only statistically significant or subsets of data in the conclusions
- presenting data in a more favourable light than was warranted, for example writing overly optimistic abstracts, misleadingly describing the study design and underreporting adverse events.
Impact and factors contributing to spin need to be determined
Of the 35 studies reviewed, 19 examined whether particular factors were associated with the presence of spin ā however the factors were considered too wide-ranging and unrelated to draw conclusions.
Most of the factors also focused on the characteristics of the individual scientists, journals or studies rather than broader issues in the sector, said co-authorĀ Ā from theĀ Ā and research group leader of theĀ .
āThe contribution of research incentives and reward structures ā for example financial and reputational ā that rely on āpositiveā conclusions in order to publish and garner media attention is yet to be addressed,ā she said.
We see an urgent need for further research to determine the institutional or cultural factors that could contribute to such a high prevalence of spin in scientific literature ā and to better understand the potential impact of spin on research, clinical practice and policy.
Lead author, Honours graduate Kellia Chiu, said researchers, peer reviewers and editors had a responsibility to remain constantly alert for spin.
āThe scientific academic community would benefit from the development of tools that help us effectively identify spin and ensure accurate and impartial portrayal and interpretation of results,ā she said.
āPublishing data alongside multiple interpretations of the data from multiple researchers is one way to be transparent about the occurrence of spin."
The held in Chicago, USA.