Limited evidence that cannabis âhangoverâ blunts performance
Little evidence to support 24-hour pause on safety-sensitive tasks
The first systematic review examining the phenomenon of a 'next day' hangover caused by cannabis has found scant evidence impairment exists hours after consumption.
The research, due to be published in an upcoming issue of Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, is  ahead of print.
Dr Danielle McCartney, a Research Fellow with the ±ŹÁÏÍőâs Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, led the analysis with colleagues Ms Anastasia Suraev, a Research Fellow, and Professor Iain McGregor, the Academic Director.
While cannabis has been known to impair cognition and safety-sensitive task performance immediately after use, the question of impairment many hours or days after use has been unclear.
To find out, the researchers evaluated 20 published studies investigating the effect the intoxicating component of cannabis, called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), leaves on users more than eight hours after use.
This window known as the ânext dayâ effect encompasses any impact, including cognition or safety-sensitive task performance, beyond that eight-hour threshold.
âMost studies didnât detect ânext dayâ effects of cannabis use, and the few that did had significant limitations,â Dr McCartney said.
âOverall, it appears that there is limited scientific evidence to support the assertion that cannabis use impairs ânext dayâ performance.
âThough, further research is still required to fully address this issue.â Â
![[Credit: Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics]](/content/dam/brand-and-marketing-assets/graphics-and-icons/lambert-graph.png/_jcr_content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1280.1280.png){kind=icon}
[Credit: Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics]
Among the 345 performance tests administered across the studies, just 12 performance tests (representing 3.5 percent of the total) conducted across five papers demonstrated significant ânext dayâ deterioration following THC use.
However, none of those five studies used randomised double-blind placebo-controlled designs and all were dated by more than 18 years.
âWe can't really comment on the magnitude of these effects because they weren't all that well reported,â Dr McCartney said.
âThey didnât appear to be associated with a specific dose of THC, route of THC administration or type of assessment.â
Present day consequences
THC ânext dayâ effects are of significance to drug driving laws and safety-sensitive workplaces, which are strict and lack the nuances of an alcohol breath test, for example. The presence of the THC biomarker is enough to fail a test.
âTHC can persist in blood and oral fluid for an extended period of time,â Dr McCartney said. Â
âSo it is important to find out whether impairment can persist, too.
âPeople are being advised not to drive or perform other safety-sensitive tasks for 24 hours after cannabis use. However, we found little evidence to support this recommendation.â
Professor McGregor, who has testified on behalf of people who have failed THC drug tests, said an issue has arisen from various legal cases where the fitness of staff undertaking safety-sensitive tasks has been a problem.
However, as the researchers point out in their review, any ânext dayâ effect from THC is unlikely to be more impairing than a hangover caused by alcohol.
âPolicy makers should bear in mind that the implementation of very conservative workplace regulations can have serious consequences, such as termination of employment with a positive drug test,â the study authors said.
âThey can also impact the quality of life of individuals who are required to abstain from medicinal cannabis used to treat conditions such as insomnia or chronic pain for fear of a positive workplace or roadside drug test.
âStudies involving medicinal cannabis users are strongly recommended.â
DISCLAIMER: Professor Iain McGregor is a consultant to Kinoxis Therapeutics and Psylo Ltd and has received a speakerâs honorarium from Janssen and consultancy fees from the Medical Cannabis Industry Association. He holds a number of patents for cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid therapeutics. He also acts as an expert witness in legal cases where issues of cannabis-induced impairment may be relevant. Anastasia Suraev has received consulting fees from the Medical Cannabis Industry Association and GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Australia Pty Ltd trading as Haleon. Dr Danielle McCartney has received consulting fees from the Medical Cannabis Industry Association.